杂交大豆配合力及杂种优势分析

为了提高杂交大豆育种效率,进一步提高杂交大豆产量。本研究以5份大豆细胞质雄性不育系为母本,12份恢复系为父本,采用NCⅡ设计方法组配60个杂交组合,对产量、单株荚数、单株粒数和每荚粒数分别进行杂种优势、配合力效应、及其与F1性状的相关性分析。结果表明,F1产量性状中亲优势组合占全部组合的55%,超高亲优势组合占30%,中亲和超高亲优势均?20%的占15%。单株荚数、单株粒数、每荚粒数等产量相关性状的中亲优势组合分别占55%、56.67%和23.33%,超高亲优势率均为负值。17份亲本材料的一般配合力（general combining ability,GCA）变化范围为-27.94%～56.62%,其中6份材料表现为正效应;30个杂交组合的特殊配合力（special combining ability,SCA）为正值,占总体的50%。此外,SCA与F1籽粒产量和单株荚数的杂种优势及其性状值均相关;GCA与产量性状值和单株粒数的中亲优势呈极显著相关,与单株荚数的中亲优势、单株粒数、每荚粒数的超高亲优势及性状值呈显著相关;各性状SCA与GCA之间不相关。单株荚数和单株粒数对产量的贡献较大。产量杂种优势强的组合双亲除具有高的一般配合力,而且兼具有较高的特殊配合力。     

氮·磷·钾对遵义特色杂粮团豆有效荚数·粒数的影响

[目的]研究了氮、磷、钾肥对团豆单株有效荚数、粒数的影响.[方法]运用三因素二次回归饱和D-最优设计方案,进行了团豆高产栽培试验研究.[结果]结果表明:氮、磷、钾对单株有效荚数的影响大小依次为磷肥(X2)、氮肥(X1)、钾肥(X3);对粒数的影响大小依次为磷肥(X2)、钾肥(X3)、氮肥(X1).[结论]综合考虑纯氮、纯磷、纯钾在22.5 ～ 37.5 kg/hm2区间内,有利于团豆单株有效荚数、粒数的提高.     

施氮肥时间对苜蓿结荚率及种子产量的影响

试验以新牧4号紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa cv.Xinmu No.4)为材料,研究在苜蓿不同生育期施氮肥对苜蓿结荚率、千粒重、种子产量等的影响,为提高苜蓿结荚率、增加种子产量提供依据。结果表明,返青期施氮肥处理的苜蓿荚果结荚率、种子千粒重以及种子发芽率均高于其他处理,依次为63.87%、2.01g和85.33%;但其单序荚果数和结荚率均低于其他处理;在各个处理中,现蕾期施氮肥处理苜蓿种子产量最高(802.16 kg·hm-2),分枝期次之(641.29kg·hm-2),分别是对照(390.34kg·hm-2)的2.05倍和1.64倍。本研究结果能够为苜蓿种子田的合理施肥提供理论依据。     

荷兰豆物流保鲜技术

介绍了荷兰豆的贮藏特性及适宜的保鲜环境条件,概述了荷兰豆采后物流过程中的保鲜技术工艺和操作要点,为荷兰豆采后的贮运保鲜提供参考。     

Genotypic Differences in Dry Bean Yield and Yield Components as Influenced by Nitrogen Fertilization and Rhizobia

Dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important legume worldwide and nitrogen (N) is most yield limiting nutrients. A field experiment was conducted for two consecutive years to evaluate response of 15 dry bean genotypes to nitrogen and rhizobial inoculation. The N and rhizobia treatments were (i) control (0 kg N ha^?1), (ii) seed inoculation with rhizobia strains, (iii) seed inoculation with rhizobia strains + 50 kg N ha^?1, and (iv) 120 kg N ha^?1. Straw yield, grain yield, and yield components were significantly influenced by N and rhizobial treatments. Grain yield, straw yield, number of pods m^?2, and grain harvest index were significantly influenced by year, nitrogen + rhizobium, and genotype treatments. Year × Nitrogen + rhizobium × genotype interactions were also significant for these traits. Hence, these traits varied among genotypes with the variation in year and nitrogen + rhizobium treatments. Inoculation with rhizobium alone did not produce maximum yield and fertilizer N is required in combination with inoculation. Based on grain yield efficiency index, genotypes were classified as efficient, moderately efficient, and inefficient in nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). NUE defined as grain produced per unit N applied decreased with increasing N rate. Overall, NUE was 23.17 kg grain yield kg^?1 N applied at 50 kg N ha^?1 and 13.33 kg grain per kg N applied at 120 kg N ha^?1.     

In vitro fermentation characteristics and effective utilisable crude protein in leaves and green pods of Moringa stenopetala and Moringa oleifera cultivated at low and mid‐altitudes

This study was conducted to assess the in vitro nutrient digestibility and utilisation of leaves and green pods of two Moringa species in supplementing the feed of ruminant animals during the dry season. Samples were analysed for proximate nutrients using official methods. The metabolisable energy (ME), organic matter digestibility (OMD) and effective utilisable crude protein (uCP) were estimated using the Hohenheim in vitro gas test method. Gas volume in Moringa stenopetala leaves and green pods was generally higher than those of Moringa oleifera. Gas volume for leaves was similar between low and mid‐altitudes but was higher for green pods at mid‐altitude. M. stenopetala leaves contained significantly higher ME (9.8 MJ/kg DM) and OMD (75%) than those of M. oleifera. Similarly, M. stenopetala green pods had higher ME and OMD values than those of M. oleifera. For green pods, the ME and OMD values were significantly higher at mid‐altitude than those at low altitude although these values for leaves were similar between both altitudes. Moringa oleifera leaves had higher effective uCP than those of M. stenopetala. Nevertheless, the effective uCP was higher for green pods of M. stenopetala than those of M. oleifera. The effective uCP for leaves cultivated at mid‐altitude was slightly higher than those at low altitude. This study suggested that leaves and green pods could be used as alternative energy and protein supplements for tropical ruminants, particularly during dry periods. It was further concluded that leaves were generally better in nutrient compositions and in vitro nutrient digestibility characteristics than green pods.     

高产同步栽培技术体系对黑农44产量和品质作用的初步研究

本试验对高油大豆品种黑农44不同播法、不同施肥处理对子粒产量和脂肪、蛋白质的含量及产量的影响进行了分析.垄上穴播 B3(黑农44 常量化肥 有机肥 有机复混肥)和垄上穴播十B4(黑农44 有机肥十有机复混肥)组合增产效果显著,其对应的单株英数亦表现出类似的结果,其脂肪含量和蛋白质含量和黑农44对照相比差异不显著,但由于子粒产量的增加带动了脂肪和蛋白质产量的增加.     

2010年舞阳县大豆症青荚少的原因及对策

从气候、栽培管理方面分析了舞阳县大豆症青荚少的原因,对良种产量较低的原因进行深层次的分析,并提出相应的对策,以供种植户参考。     

长豇豆农艺性状对产量和品质的关联性研究

用相关及通径分析研究了构成长豇豆产量各性状间及其与蛋白质间的关系,结果表明,单株结荚数对产量的贡献最大。其它与产量密切相关的性状(侧蔓数、第一侧蔓节位、采收期),均以较大的间接效应,通过单株结荚数而作用于产量的。因此,单株结荚数是决定产量至关重要的性状。 试验还表明,长豇豆主蔓结荚重量占全株产量的70～90％。荚肉的重量是构成豆荚重量的主要组成部分,占荚重的80％以上。 蛋白质含量与豆荚长度是显著正相关,与单荚重呈极显著正相关。荚长对蛋白质有较大的直接效应,而单荚重是通过荚长的间接效应较大而作用于蛋白质的。因此,荚长是决定蛋白质含量高低的主要性状。且荚长的广义遗传力达93.6％,选择效果好。 因此,在长豇豆选育工作中,注意选择单株结荚数目多,荚肉厚、荚长度长的单株或株系,有利于提高对产量和蛋白质性状的选择效果,可能育成高产量高蛋白的新品种。     

不同长豇豆品种耐贮性比较试验

以之豇60、之豇106、之豇108、之豇28-2、扬豇40为材料,研究其耐贮性,结果表明:之豇60和之豇106耐贮性最好,表现为采后密度下降幅度小且慢,嫩荚中种子比例小、荚壁厚、失水慢,可贮藏40 h以上;之豇108耐贮性次之;之豇28-2最不耐贮藏,表现为采后密度变化快,豆荚较易发泡,较快失去食用价值。